Monitoreo del comportamiento mecánico de un módulo de vivienda con bloque de tierra comprimida (BTC) en Chullunquiani-Juliaca

Abstract

In Chullunquiani-Juliaca, located in the Puno region of Peru, one of the most traditional and widely used building materials is adobe, a low-cost material made from earth. However, adobe is vulnerable to environmental factors such as earthquakes due to its deficiencies in mechanical properties, to the point of collapse. Because of this problem, compressed earth blocks (CEB) are being used as a substitute for adobe. Consequently, it is necessary to describe the physical and mechanical characteristics of this material to construct a housing module using CEB and monitor its behavior. The objective is to monitor the mechanical behavior of a CEB housing module in Chullunquiani-Juliaca. The methodology used is a non-experimental, descriptive-confirmatory design with a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional level. Analyzing three soil samples from Chullunquiani-Juliaca (M1, M2, and M3), compliance with UNE 41410 standards and verification of mechanical properties using RNE E-080 were assessed to develop and monitor the mechanical behavior of the modulus. None of the evaluated soil samples met the standard; therefore, sample M3 was used due to its proximity to the "Soil Texture Diagram" range of UNE 41410. To achieve compliance, it was combined with sand (M4), resulting in a mixture of 65% M3 and 35% M4, classifying it as clayey sand (SC) according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). This material exhibits a liquid limit of 25.80% and a plasticity index of 8.05%, thus complying with the parameters established by UNE 41410. Compression tests were performed on the mechanical properties of the BTC, yielding average results of 83.73 kgf/cm² in axial compression for masonry units, 0.51 kgf/cm² for small masonry walls, and 8.59 kgf/cm² for masonry prisms. Using accelerometers in the module and applying the Fourier transform with the SeismoSignal software, a dominant natural vibration frequency of 8.6 Hz was obtained, meeting the parameters of UNE 41410 to produce BTC and also exceeding the minimum values of RNE E-080 for the mechanical properties of masonry units, masonry prisms, and small masonry walls. The real natural frequency of vibrations was obtained and calibrated to the mathematical model, obtaining a modulus of elasticity of 2173 kgf/cm2, reaching satisfactory values for static and dynamic drifts less than 0.005, maximum displacements of 0.3259 cm, stiffness of 14799.89 kgf/cm-16920.9 kgf/cm and finally the maximum stress in the modulus was 0.00116 kgf/cm2, which indicates that the modulus will not exceed the maximum allowable stress of 0.25 kgf/cm2, ensuring the integrity of the modulus.